Rotary web printing machine



March 26, 1940. n. CORBIN 2,194,467

ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE I Filed April 6, 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 1 0 WM 59% w March 26, 1940. n. CORBIN 2,194,467

ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE Filed April 6; 19:57 15 Shts-Sheei z flea/id 607725172 March 26, 1940. D. CORBIN ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 6, 1937 Marh 26, 1940; oRB 2,194,467

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ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE Filed April 6, 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 March 26, 1940.

D. CORBIN ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE Filed April 6, 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 14 J2 z/erzzr 3 David C'OPZJZ'R,

March 26, 1940. D. CORBIN ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINE l5 Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed April 6, 1937 ill Patented Mar. 26, 1940 UNiTED STATES PATENT ori ice ROTARY wan PRINTING mom David Corbin, Chicago, 111., asslgnor to Gerald Gidwitz, Chicago, Ill.

Application April 8, 1937, Serial No. 135,329

11 Claims. (Cl. 101-228) The present invention relates to machines which operate upon a continuous web of material such as printing machines and the like and to feeding, registering, cutting, delivering, assembling, and winding mechanisms adapted to cooperate with each other in the performing of operations upon the web such as printing on one or both sides thereof and the subsequent division of the web into sheets.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a machine of this character in which a continuous web or line of material is acted upon by two or more instrumentalities and travels from one of the instrumentalities to another,

" where accurate registration of the successive operations of the instrumentalities may be readily accomplished by means of marks upon the web or line of material and a noticing device which takes note of the marks as they approach an instrumentality.

It is also a purpose of the present invention to provide in a machine of this character a mechanismby means of which a web or line of material may be subjected to one or more operations as a web and then singly, or in combination withother webs similarly operated upon, be cut up into separate sheets or sections while moving, and the sheets advanced in columns and rows to a gathering mechanism which gathers the several sheets together in a definite order in one or more piles.

The machine in its entirety combines means for advancing a continuous web at a uniform rate to a device such as a printing member which acts upon the web but requires that the movement of the web be adjusted to the movement of the operating device, thereafter supplying the web at the uniform rate over a path which may vary in length from a very short distance to a distance of travel suflicient with auxiliary aids, for exampie to dry a slow drying ink, then subjecting the web to another operating device such as a printer, and applying to the web, by means of marks thereon, corrections of such accuracy as to enable the accomplishment of high grade printing and perfecting and thereafter cutting up the web accurately into sheets of the required size with a minimum of waste, and piling the sheets in a definite order.

The particular objects of the invention within the scope of the above general objects include the provision of specific mechanisms, as hereinafter outlined, capable of carrying out the several steps just mentioned.

In the first step, that is correcting the move-.

ment of a uniformly advancing web to register it with an instrumentality operating thereon such as a printing device which may require the web to be stopped completely, slowed down, or speeded up while in contact with it, the purpose of the invention is to provide means for varying the speed of. the web to accommodate it to the instrumentality without subjecting the web to objectionable variations in tension and without the. necessity of using starting and stopping mechanisms for the entire web.

One particular object of the invention is to provide a mechanism adapted to supply a continuous web to a printing couple in such a fashion that the web'may be printed on at variable lengths, depending upon the amount of-type set upon the cylinder, without excessive waste between printed sections on the web where the printed sections are less than the circumference of the print cylinder. It is a handicap of the usual web printing machine that, unless the entire circumference of the printing cylinder is used, the web, which must travel while in contact with the cylinder at the same speed as the cylinder, will have waste space between successive imprints that results in a considerable loss of material. With the present invention, this difiiculty is overcome, and it is possible to fill the web completely even though a very small portion of the total printing cylinder circumference is utilized in the printing operation.

The disadvantage, when printing from a web, of being compelled to use a length of the web equal to the circumference of the cylinder for each copy taken from the cylinder has given rise to many attempts to produce an all size rotary printing device. In so far as I know, none of these attempts have been successful in producing high grade work at commercial speeds.

In the machines involving these attempts, when the web is moved at a general speed different from that of the printing cylinder and is caused to assume the speed of the printing cylinder only .while in engagement therewith, the result has .crease as the square of the velocity. As a resuit, very objectionable variations in web tension are produced long before speeds are reached that would now be commercially practical. It is highly important that uniformity of tension be maintained on the web. Otherwise it is impossible to obtain good work.

The present invention contemplates the provision of a device wherein variations in the web lengths printed on is accomplished by using feed rollers, take away rollers, a roller linkage assembly, and the printing couple. The feed rollers feed faster, at equal speed, or slower than the printing couple acccordingly' as it is desired to print on web lengths greater, equal to, or less than the circumference of the print cylinder. This is accomplished in the present invention in such a fashion that all the rollers engaging the web before and after it passes through the prints ing couple, have the same angular velocity. With this velocity uniform, the tension on the web is maintained uniform so far as inertia produced strains from the rollers are concerned. At the same time, the linkage assembly makes it possible to cause that portion of the web passing through the printing couple to assume the speed of the printing couple during the printing operation even though the surface speed on the feed and 'take away rollers may be faster or slower than the surface speed of the print cylinder.

The present invention further contemplates the provision in a printing device of this character of a novel means for handling a web so that it may be rerun or perfected, that is printed on both sides, by first printing one side, then running a web over a suflicient distance to permit drying of the ink or through a drying mechanism, and subsequently printing the other side, or performing any other operation (such as multicolor work) on the web with extremely accurate registration which is independent of inaccuracies that inevitably result when a web is transmitted any substantial distance between the two operations. This permits the use of cheaper inks to accomplish the same quality of work. As high priced inks frequently cost more than the paper they are printed on, this is an important factor to be considered.

In this connection, I propose to regularly mark the web with a succession of marks which are spaced in the direction of travel regularly or with approximate regularity. The marks may.

take any general form. For example, the term mark as used herein may include a hole in the web, a colored spot on the web, or any other indication that may be noticed by a noticing device such as the so-called electric eye, an electric contact, a pneumatic device, a mechanical finger, or a beam of light. The noticing device is so arranged and connected to the second operating device, that is printing couple or cutti g device, that it will take note of any irregular-it in the spacing of the marks and, effect, by suitable control mechanism, a proper correction so as to register the web and the device operating on the web. The noticer may not effect the correction itself but simply make the error manifest to an operator so that he may be guided in applying the necessary correction to the moving web.

Fundamentally in this invention one of the purposes is to use the foreknowledge of the approximate location of a travelling mark at a particular time to determine more accurately the exact location thereof.

It is also a purpose of the present invention to provide a high speed accurate means for slitting curately adjusted to produce this sameness of speed so that a precision and velocity of cutting can be obtained that makes subsequent trimming unnecessary.

As is well known in the art, flying shears that move at the same speed as the material to be cut during the entire period of cutting is the most accurate type of cut ofl. so long as the number of cuts per second is not too great. As the inertia strains in this type of cut off vary as the square of thenumber of cuts per second but only as the first power of the weight, I am enabled to obtain almost any desired rate of cutting by flying shears by arranging a series of flying shears in tandem, which I have designated multiple flying shears. For carrying material thru these shears I use looping belts or travelling slats 'or any conveyor separated by the knives. With even the most modern presses, it is still the custom to fold a single large sheet into what is called a signature. Thme sheets when folded are put into gathering machines that then deliver it to trimmers, gluers, and stitchers. The use of the trimmers is a necessity. with the folded sheets and leads to a waste of paper that runs commonly from three to five per cent. With my device, the

web is cut and slit into sheets of exact size which may be assembled together into the completed book, newspaper, or magazine without the necessity of the trimming waste.

Another object of the present invention is to print, out, and assemble from the original web a multiplicity of sheets which are cut into their ultimate sizes, the assembling being accomplished by taking the sheets arranged in rows and columns and moving at a high speed as they leave the cutting device and arranging the sheets into a single-pile or a plurality of piles in a definite order of piling. This is a highly essen- 'tial step in combination with the printing and cutting which eliminates the necessity of folding and the waste due to the trim when the sheets are folded.

The present invention contemplates the provision of means whereby a fast moving assemblage of any number of rows and columns of sheets of the same size are delivered into a single exactly aligned pile of sheets with the sheets arranged in a definite order so that they are ready to be glued and stitched or otherwise bound together. In this connection, means are provided whereby successive assemblages of sheets corresponding to successive turns of the print cylinder are delivered'to a number of different conveyors, the columns of sheets being separated so that they may be assembled with the sheets in the column on top of one another in a definite order. Then the several groups of sheets so piled may be placed together in a definite order or separately piled as desired.

The present invention contemplates also the provision in a system of this character of a sheet gathering and, delivering mechanism by which sheets of diflerent widths and lengths that are moving in adjoining. columns may be stored in different piles, each one of which containe 0 sheets that are of the. same'size. In-printing shops whichdo a large variety of work, the cost of maintaining a stock of rolls of paper 'of'the various sizes and grades needeclis considerable. 0n the other hand, if only a few rolls are stocked, considerable waste is produced whenever a roll wider than that needed is used. These difiiculties can be practically in a substantial degree overcome by stocking wide rolls only and select ing widths to be printed at the same time that will; as closely as possible, use up the entire width of the roll. The present mechanism is particularly useful in the delivering and stacking of such sheets as well as the delivering and stacking of sheets of different widths and lengths.

It is often desirable in the handling of a ,web to perform one operation thereon, such for example as the printing on one ,side, and thereafter store the web by rewinding in such a fashion as to avoid excess strains and offsetting. The cumulative effect of winding at high tension is by far the most serious cause of offsetting in rewwinding. Winding webs tightly gives rise to strains that differ greatly at different depths in the roll. The cumulative effect of tight winding may press together surfaces near the centre of the roll so tightly that offset will be produced when the surfaces would not offset under pressure of a five footpile of paper. Strains and stretch in the web produced by gravity occur when stored horizontally. The inequalities of stretch are produced slowly during storage due to a slow" plasticity of the paper.

I overcome the difliculties by providing means for winding and rewinding the web on edge so that the accumulative weight of the roll is prevented from pressing the sheets against each other. Winding on edge facilitates winding loosely. In some cases, it is desirable to provide means for spacing successive turns of the web as it is wound on a vertical axis, and the present invention contemplates means for accomplishing this result and also, in the case of one end spacing, for rewinding leaving the spacer wound.

The features of the present invention hereinbefore mentioned, and other features and advantages which will appear more clearly from the following detailed description, are combined in a machine'of the form shown: whereby to produce a rotary web printing device of great flexibility and capable of operating at high speed. The several parts of the device may have individual merit for other purposes than their use in this general combination. They are. however, so combined herein as to make possible accurate printing, perfecting, cutting, and assembling at speeds heretofore not considered to be obtainable and with the waste of material greatly reduced over existing structures well known to the trade. The combination, therefore, of the several elements in the present device results in a machine of high speed and efiiciency.

The features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred form of the invention is shown. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings and description are illustrative only and that the details of the mechanism may be varied considerably without departing from-the scope of the invention as it is defined by the claims.

In the drawingsaieaaee g. 1 is a diagrammatic-view of a machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating a more complete embodiment of the invention wherein a web is printed on both sides with accurate registration being obtained and cut into a multiplicity of sheets which sheets are piled in a definite order, provision being made for drying of ink on one side of the web before the printing on the other side is accomplished;

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation with certain parts being shown in section illustrating the mechanism by which a web moving at a constant speed is printed upon by a printing couple also moving at a constant speed, but at a different speed from that of the web;

Fig. 4-is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5a is a view in side elevation of a modified form of lever and cam mechanism for moving the roller linkage assembly;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the action of the web before, during, and after it passes the printing couple;

Fig. '7 is a side view partly in section of a cutting device operable to slit and, cut a web after it has been printed upon;

Fig. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic view in side elevation of a delivering mechanism for sorting and delivering sheets receivedfrom the cutting mechanism;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary plan view of a spreading conveyor forming a part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 8;

.Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a sorting and piling device which receives the sheets from the mechanism'shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a slightly modifled form of piling device;

Fig. 12 is a view in side elevation showing a trough conveyor mechanism which receives the piles of sheets from the mechanism shown in Fig. 10;

Fig. 13 is a sectional view on the line I3|3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a'sectional view on the line l4--I4 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 15 is a view in perspectiye of a modified form of mechanism for sorting and piling sheets;

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the roller linkage assembly and the means for controlling it to correct for small errors in the registration of the web withthe printing couple;

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a sectional view on the line l8l8 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 1915 a view partly in section and part diagrammatic illustrating the position of the noticing device and the electrical circuit therefor;

Fig. 20 is a transverse sectional View through the roller linkage assembly showing the connections for a noticing device which corrects for side sway in the web;

Fig. 21 is a somewhat diagrammatic view illustrating the application of the noticing device to the superposing of a plurality of webs upon each other;

Fig. 22 is a view in side elevation partly in section of a winding mechanism forming part of the invention;

Fig. 23 is a plan view of the structure shown in Fig. 22;

Fig. 24 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the manner in which successive turns of the web are spaced from each other; Fig. 25 is an enlarged fragmentary-sectional view taken crosswise of a roll;

Fig. 26 is a sectional view on the linen-2| of Fig. 5a;

Fig. 27 is a transverse sectional view through a portion of a side drifting conveyor system, such as is shown in Fig. 10, illustratingtlie addition of positive means for causing the,sheets to move off the side drifting conveyor;

Fig. 28 is a fragmentary plan view of the structure shown in Fig. 2'7;

Fig. 29 is an enlarged fragmentary view partly in section of the rollers employed for removing sheets from the side drifting conveyor;

Fig. 30 is a sectional view on the line 20-30 of Fig. 29;

Fig. 31 is a sectional view on the line 3|3| of Fig. 29;

Fig. 32 is a view in side elevation of a stacking conveyor unit of a somewhat different form than that shown in Fig. 11;

Fig. 33 .is a plan view of the structure shown in Fig. 32;

Fig. 34 is a fragmentary'sectional view taken on the line s4 s4 of Fig. 33;

Fig. 35 is a'fragmentary view taken on the line 35-35 of Fig. 34;

Fig. 36 is a vertical sectional view through a modified form of structure for the multiple flying shears utilizing a conveyor system where the paper conveyor is composed of slats that are adapted to be separated by the knives of the shears;

Fig. 37 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 31-31 of Fig. 36;

Fig. 38 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 38-38 of Fig. 36.

Referring now to the drawings, I will describe the machine by steps in the order in which the web 9 to be printed upon would pass through the machine. The web itse f may be wound in a roll l0, and from this roll it is fed to a pair of feed rollers H and I2. These feed rollers determine the speed at which the web travels. They may be driven by any suitable means, not shown, such as are commonly employed in the art. A printing couple is shown at I3 and comprises a print cylinder l4 with suitable hiking mechanism 5, an impression cylinder It being used to press the web 3 against the cylinder H. The web 9 passes from the feed rollers H and i2 over a roller linkage assembly comprising rollers l1, l8, I9, 20, and 2|. The roller 2| is a take away roller and is mounted on a stationary axis. The rollers l1, l8, l3, and 20, however, are linked together and to the rol ers II and 2| by links 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 to form substantially a nonre-entrant path in which the rollers l8 and I9 can be shifted horizontally in the direction of movement of the web as will be more fully explained. The several rollers and their connecting links constitute a roller linkage assembly by means of which the web 9 may be fed through the printing couple l3 faster, at the same speed, or slower than the surface speed of the printing couple.

As already mentioned herein, uniformity of tension upon the web 9 is one of the most important factors to obtain in high speed printing. Variable tension may stretch or break the web. The uniformity of tension on the web is maintained in the present device by the roller linkage assembly by avoiding any change in angular velocity of movement of the rollers. when the web is speeded up and slowed down so as to change the speed thereof from the uniform speed with which it is advanced by the feeding rollers H and H to the surface speed of the printing couple as it w through the printing couple and is printed upon, if the rollers have to have their angular velocity varied to produce the variations in speed of the web, the. variations in tension produced in the web due'to the inertia of these rollers become so great, at the speeds necessary for present commercial printing, as to make the device totally unworkable. For example, if the circumference of the print cylinder is four feet and the fraction of the circumference which is to be printed upon the web is fivesixths, then, if the print cylinder is rotating at a rate of four revolutions per second, even if extremely light rollers are used, it would be impossible to slow down the web and speed it up without prohibitive tension being produced in the web if it were necessary for the rollers to change their angular velocity in order thatthe successive prints made uponthe web could be placed close together. I have calculated, for example, that, if the weight, of a roller be regarded as ten pounds all concentrated in its surface, the

additional tension produced in the web by the necessary rate of change in the velocity of the web and in angular velocity of the roller would be about 500 pounds.

In the present structure, if the centers of the rollers H and 2| fixed and all of the rollers II, l1, l8, I9, 20, and 2| are of the sameiiiameters, then a non-slipping band 21 may be wrapped around the several rollers, and any movement may be given to the linkage connecting the several rollers that does not remove the band from contact with any rollers, and the following conditions will be maintained:

The length of the band 21 from the point where it first makes contact with the roller II to the point where it last makes contact with the roller 2| will remain unchanged.

The rollers will all have the same angular velocity, which will be uniform, if the motion of the band is uniform upon entering and leaving the roller linkage assembly.

One side only of the band makes contact with the rollers. Any number of links and rollers may be added to the assemblage of those shown, and these statements will still be true so long as the path followed by the band is not re-entrant.

Consequently, if the link 24 be given a reciprocating motion, lengthwise of itself at the same time that the band 21 is travelling at a uniform rate over the several rollers H, l1, l8, I9, 20, and 2|, then there will be no roller inertia produced variation in tension in the band due to the effect of the reciprocation of the link 24' because the rollers do not have their angular velocity changed by the reciprocation.

In the printing operation, the web 9 is fed uniformly by the roller II and taken away uniformly by the roller 2|. The printing couple l3 rotates uniformly and continuously at a speed which is different from that of, the speed of the web. The link 24 is reciprocated, its movement being such that, during the period of printing, the part of the web printed on has the same speed as the printing couple.

In order that the uniformity of tension be maintained and the printing be clean cut, it is v I 2.10am essential to obtain unison of movementof the web and printing couple while the web is printed on. The unison of movement is obtained by imparting to the link 24 the proper reciprocating movement. This reciprocating movement must be such that, in the case where the printing couple is travelling faster than the web, that portion of the web about to be printed on must be accelerated so as to reach the speed of the printing before or at the time it arrives in con-" tact with the print cylinder. The uniform speed of this particular part oi the web is maintained until it leaves the print cylinder. That is, if

half the .print cylinder carries matter to be imprinted upon the web, then a length: of web equal to one-half the circumference of the print cylinder must be brought up to the speed of the print cylinder and maintained at that speed during its passage through the printing couple. The web must then be decelerated smoothly, that is without sudden jerks, and the link 24 moved back to its starting position and the web again accelerated during the period in which the other half of the print cylinder passes the web. The

webis, of course, freed from the printing couple during the return movement of the link 24.

This roller linkage assembly with the proper mechanism for reciprocating the link 24 may be I used whenever it is desired to bring a uniformly where a flat bed press would have the web stationary during the time the platen engaged; therewith.

The roller linkage assembly is useful, therefore, for a great many purposes other than that specifically illustrated in the drawings. In 01- set rotary machines of the multi-color, multicouple type, accurate registration between the web and the blanket which transfers the ink from the type cylinder to the web is highly important.

The present roller linkage assembly may be used with offset rotaries to accomplish this result. In other situations where the movement of the web is uniform, the roller linkage assembly may be used to move the instrumentality which acts upon the web to bring it up to the speed of the web, hold it at the web speed during the time it operates upon the web, and then return it to its original position for a new operation. This type of construction is illustrated in the cutting device hereinafter more fully described. I

In the structure illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, I have also shown means whereby the side sway of the vertical links 23 and 23, which is naturally transmitted to the web itself, may be prevented from producing any substantial variations in the web tension. Fiat surfaces such as shields 23 and 23 are carried by the links 23 to provide an air tunnel that compels the air on opposite sides 1 same purpose.

.- screws 36 and 31.

may be unnecessary to shield both sides of the web in any particular installation in which case only one shield would be used.

The means whereby the links 24 are reciprocated to give unison of movement between the printing couple l3 and the web 3 during the printing operation is accomplished by a mechanism illustrated generally at the right hand ends I 33 and 334 may be raised and lowered by a series of screws 36 and 31 which are made to, turn in I unison by sprockets 33 and 40 and a connecting chain 4]. The link 34 r ms in a horizontalslide 36 through which the screws 36 and 31 are threaded. A crank 42 is provided to turn the A link 43 connects the lever 33 with the cam 32 and slides in horizontal guides 43a. The slide 35 keeps the link 34 horizontal during its movement. A pair of links 44 connect the lever 33a to the links 24 of the roller linkage assembly. The lever is slotted, as indicated at 45, so as to be vertically slidable on a fixed pivot member46. Similarly the link 34 is vertically slidable with respect to the levers 33 and 33a and horizontally slidable with respect to the slide 35 because it has its pivot members 41 and 48 horizontally movable in a pair of slots 43 and to in the slide as and-vertically slidable m the slots SI and 62 in the levers 33 and 33a. The

may be magnified or reduced through the compound levers 33 and 33a to impart its endwise movement to the links 44 so that the movement is precisely the same in kind, butis magnified or reduced as required by adjusting the slide i5 and the connecting link 34 vertically by means of the screws 36 and 31. By proper design of the cam 32, which is driven -in synchronism with the printing cylinder i4, it is possible to give the links 24 the necessary movement for moving the web 3 in unison with the printing couple during the printing operation, without changing the tension in the web due to its own weight to an extent that would appreciably affect it. The roller linkage assembly avoids subjecting the web at any time to tensions due to roller inertia regardless of the cam shape.

In Fig. 5a, there is illustrated a simplified lever mechanism which may be used instead of the compound lever mechanism shown in Figs. 3 and 4 for imparting to the links 24 the proper movement. In this form, the cam 32a is directly connected by meansof a pair of sets of rollers 65 and 56 to a swinging lever arrangement 51 consisting of a pair of bars 58 and 53 pivoted to the frame of the machine by lugs 60 and a pivot pin 6|. These bars are slotted vertically at 62 to receive a cross head arrangement comprising a pivot member 63 vertically slidable in the slots 62 and a link 64 which fits between the bars 58 and 53. The pivot member 63 is guided by blocks 66 in a pair of slides 66 and 61. The slides 66 and 61 are vertically adjustable by means of four screws 63, 63, i0, and H which may berotatably mounted in the frame of the machine and connected together by sprockets and a chain I2. A crank 13 rotates the several screws. The link 64 connects to a pin 14 which is guided by blocks I6 in a pair of slides 16 and 11 carried by the frame of the machine. The pin I4 is connected to a link 13 so as to reciprocate this link with a movement simi- 

